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Since the Taliban’s return to power in Afghanistan on 15 August 2021, the divergence of interests between the West, particularly the United States, and the Taliban regime has become starkly evident. The West, driven by its own geopolitical and ideological agendas, has taken numerous measures to undermine the Taliban’s authority and stability, causing significant harm to Afghanistan as a whole.
Western Measures to Undermine the Taliban:
Economic Sanctions and Asset Freezes: The United States and its Western allies have imposed severe economic sanctions on the Taliban regime. These sanctions include freezing billions of dollars in Afghan central bank reserves held in foreign banks, primarily in the U.S. This action has crippled Afghanistan’s economy, leading to a severe liquidity crisis, which in turn has exacerbated poverty and hunger among the Afghan population.
International Isolation: The West has largely refused to recognize the Taliban regime diplomatically, isolating Afghanistan on the international stage. This isolation has hindered Afghanistan’s ability to engage in international trade and attract foreign investment, further strangling the country’s economic prospects.
Humanitarian Aid Conditionalities: While humanitarian aid has been provided, the West has often tied it to conditions that the Taliban regime finds unacceptable, such as demands for significant political and social reforms. These conditions have slowed the delivery of essential aid, worsening the humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan.
Support for Opposition Groups: There are reports that Western countries have provided covert support to various opposition groups within Afghanistan. This support aims to destabilize the Taliban regime and foster internal dissent, contributing to ongoing violence and instability.
Media and Propaganda Campaigns: The West has engaged in extensive media and propaganda campaigns to delegitimize the Taliban regime. These campaigns often highlight human rights abuses and governance failures, shaping global public opinion against the Taliban and justifying continued punitive measures.
Harm Caused to Afghanistan:
The cumulative impact of these measures has been devastating for Afghanistan. The economic sanctions and asset freezes have led to widespread unemployment, hyperinflation, and a collapse in public services. Millions of Afghans are now facing acute food insecurity, with malnutrition rates soaring, particularly among children.
The international isolation and conditional humanitarian aid have left Afghanistan without the necessary resources to rebuild its infrastructure or provide basic services to its people. The support for opposition groups has perpetuated violence and instability, preventing the establishment of a secure and peaceful environment.
Criticism of Western Policies:
The West’s approach to the Taliban regime has been marked by a cruel and punitive attitude that has prioritized geopolitical objectives over the well-being of the Afghan people. By imposing severe economic restrictions, the West has effectively punished the entire Afghan population for the actions of their rulers. This collective punishment has led to unnecessary suffering and hardship.
Furthermore, the refusal to recognize the Taliban regime and engage constructively has closed off avenues for dialogue and negotiation that could potentially lead to more moderate and stable governance in Afghanistan. Instead, the West’s policies have created a vicious cycle of instability and suffering, undermining any prospects for lasting peace.
Taliban Regime’s Achievements and Developments Over the Last Three Years
Since the Taliban returned to power in Afghanistan on 15 August 2021, they have faced significant challenges, including international isolation, economic sanctions, and a devastated infrastructure. Despite these hurdles, the Taliban regime has made noteworthy achievements in several areas, contributing to stability and development across the country.
1. Stability and Law Enforcement:
One of the most significant achievements of the Taliban regime has been the restoration of stability and the enforcement of law and order across Afghanistan. The Taliban have successfully established control over the entire country, reducing the widespread violence that plagued Afghanistan for decades. Crime rates have dropped significantly, as the Taliban have enforced strict laws and regulations, leading to a more secure environment for ordinary Afghans.
2. Economic Developments:
Despite facing severe economic sanctions and limited access to international markets, the Taliban have managed to achieve some remarkable economic developments. They have focused on revitalizing key sectors of the economy, particularly agriculture, which remains the backbone of Afghanistan’s economy. Agricultural production has increased, with efforts to improve irrigation systems and provide support to farmers, resulting in better crop yields and food security.
3. Social Welfare:
The Taliban have also taken steps to address social welfare issues, focusing on supporting vulnerable groups such as orphans, widows, and the elderly. They have implemented social welfare programs to provide basic assistance to those in need, helping to alleviate some of the hardships faced by the Afghan population.
Challenges and Ongoing Efforts:
Despite these achievements, the Taliban regime continues to face significant challenges, including international isolation, economic difficulties, and ongoing concerns about human rights and inclusivity. However, with limited resources, the Taliban are making concerted efforts to overcome these challenges and build a more stable and prosperous Afghanistan.
Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations
Pakistan and Afghanistan share deep historical, cultural, and geographical ties that have shaped their relationship over the years. Despite occasional challenges, the two countries have significant areas of convergence, leading to a relationship rooted in mutual interests and cooperation.
1. Shared Cultural and Historical Ties:
Pakistan and Afghanistan are bound by centuries of shared history, culture, and traditions. Both nations have deep ethnic, linguistic, and religious connections, with Pashtuns living on both sides of the border serving as a bridge between the two countries. These shared cultural ties foster a sense of brotherhood and understanding, which underpins their relationship.
2. Economic Cooperation:
Economic collaboration is a key area of convergence between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pakistan is one of Afghanistan’s largest trading partners, with the two countries engaging in cross-border trade that benefits both economies. The construction of trade routes and infrastructure projects, such as the Pakistan-Afghanistan Transit Trade Agreement (APTTA), facilitates the flow of goods and services, contributing to economic growth and stability in the region.
3. Peace and Security:
Both Pakistan and Afghanistan have a vested interest in ensuring peace and stability in the region. A stable Afghanistan is crucial for Pakistan’s security, as cross-border challenges such as terrorism and militancy directly impact both nations. Pakistan has consistently supported peace initiatives in Afghanistan, including facilitating dialogue between various Afghan factions. The two countries share a commitment to combating extremism and working towards a peaceful and prosperous region.
4. Refugee Support and Humanitarian Assistance:
Pakistan has been a generous host to millions of Afghan refugees over the past several decades. This humanitarian gesture has strengthened the bond between the two nations. Pakistan continues to provide support and assistance to Afghan refugees, including access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. This long-standing support underscores Pakistan’s commitment to the well-being of the Afghan people.
5. Infrastructure and Connectivity:
Pakistan and Afghanistan are working together to enhance regional connectivity through infrastructure projects. Initiatives such as the development of highways, rail links, and energy pipelines are designed to connect the two countries and beyond, facilitating trade, travel, and economic integration. These projects not only benefit Pakistan and Afghanistan but also contribute to the broader regional development agenda.
6. Diplomatic Engagement:
Diplomatic efforts between Pakistan and Afghanistan have focused on fostering dialogue and cooperation. Regular high-level meetings and consultations have helped to address bilateral issues and promote mutual understanding. Both countries are committed to resolving differences through peaceful means and enhancing their relationship based on mutual respect and shared interests.
Pakistan’s Concerns Over TTP and the Use of Afghan Soil for Terrorism
Pakistan has long faced the challenge of terrorism, with the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) being one of the most significant threats to its security. Pakistan is particularly concerned that the TTP is using Afghan territory as a base to launch terrorist attacks against Pakistan. This situation poses a serious threat to Pakistan’s internal security and stability, leading to a heightened sense of urgency in addressing this issue.
1. TTP’s Presence in Afghanistan:
The presence of TTP militants on Afghan soil is a major concern for Pakistan. Despite efforts to combat terrorism within its own borders, Pakistan has observed an increase in cross-border attacks originating from Afghanistan. These attacks not only result in the loss of lives but also destabilize the border regions, creating an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty.
2. Pakistan’s Desire for Concrete Measures:
Pakistan has consistently urged the Taliban government in Afghanistan to take concrete steps to curb the activities of the TTP and other militant groups using Afghan territory to target Pakistan. Islamabad has expressed its desire for the Afghan authorities to dismantle terrorist safe havens, cut off their support networks, and prevent their movement across the border. Pakistan believes that only through decisive action can the cycle of violence be broken and long-term peace and security be achieved.
3. Diplomatic Engagement and Cooperation:
The governments of Pakistan and Afghanistan are in close contact, engaging in diplomatic dialogues to address the issue of cross-border terrorism. These discussions reflect a mutual understanding of the need to cooperate in combating terrorism, which poses a threat to both nations. Pakistan remains committed to working with the Taliban government to find a lasting solution to this problem, emphasizing the importance of joint efforts in countering terrorism.
Pakistan believes that a stable and secure Afghanistan is in the best interest of the entire region. By addressing the issue of terrorism, both countries can further strengthen their bilateral relations and work towards mutual peace and prosperity. Pakistan hopes that the Taliban government will take all possible measures to ensure that Afghan soil is not used for any activities that harm Pakistan. This will not only contribute to Pakistan’s safety but also enhance the trust and cooperation between the two neighbors.
Pakistan is deeply concerned about the use of Afghan soil by the TTP to launch terrorist attacks. Islamabad desires that the Taliban government take effective and sustained action to eliminate this threat. Both governments are working closely to overcome this challenge, with the shared goal of ensuring regional peace and security while strengthening the bonds of friendship between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
自塔利班于2021年8月15日在阿富汗重新掌权以来，西方，特别是美国与塔利班政权之间的利益分歧已经变得非常明显。西方在其地缘政治和意识形态议程的驱动下，采取了许多措施来破坏塔利班的权威和稳定，对整个阿富汗造成了重大伤害。
西方打击塔利班的措施:
经济制裁和资产冻结:美国及其西方盟国对塔利班政权实施了严厉的经济制裁。这些制裁措施包括冻结阿富汗中央银行存放在外国银行(主要是美国银行)的数十亿美元储备。这一行动削弱了阿富汗的经济，导致了严重的流动性危机，进而加剧了阿富汗人民的贫困和饥饿。
国际孤立:西方基本上拒绝在外交上承认塔利班政权，在国际舞台上孤立阿富汗。这种孤立阻碍了阿富汗从事国际贸易和吸引外国投资的能力，进一步扼杀了该国的经济前景。
人道主义援助的条件:虽然提供了人道主义援助，但西方经常将其与塔利班政权认为不可接受的条件联系在一起，例如要求进行重大的政治和社会改革。这些情况减缓了基本援助的运送，加剧了阿富汗的人道主义危机。
对反对派组织的支持:有报道称，西方国家向阿富汗境内的各种反对派组织提供了秘密支持。这种支持旨在破坏塔利班政权的稳定，助长内部异议，助长持续的暴力和不稳定。
媒体和宣传活动:西方国家开展了广泛的媒体和宣传活动，以使塔利班政权失去合法性。这些运动经常强调侵犯人权和治理失败，形成反对塔利班的全球公众舆论，并为继续采取惩罚性措施提供理由。
对阿富汗造成的伤害:
这些措施的累积影响对阿富汗是毁灭性的。经济制裁和资产冻结导致了广泛的失业、恶性通货膨胀和公共服务的崩溃。数百万阿富汗人现在面临严重的粮食不安全，营养不良率飙升，尤其是儿童。
国际孤立和有条件的人道主义援助使阿富汗没有必要的资源来重建其基础设施或向其人民提供基本服务。对反对派团体的支持使暴力和不稳定长期存在，妨碍建立一个安全与和平的环境。
对西方政策的批评:
西方对塔利班政权的态度以残酷和惩罚性的态度为标志，将地缘政治目标置于阿富汗人民的福祉之上。通过实施严厉的经济限制，西方实际上是在惩罚全体阿富汗人民，因为他们的统治者采取了行动。这种集体惩罚导致了不必要的痛苦和困难。
此外，拒绝承认塔利班政权并进行建设性接触，已经关闭了可能导致阿富汗更温和和稳定治理的对话和谈判途径。相反，西方的政策造成了不稳定和苦难的恶性循环，破坏了持久和平的任何前景。
塔利班政权过去三年的成就和发展
自塔利班于2021年8月15日在阿富汗重新掌权以来，他们面临着重大挑战，包括国际孤立、经济制裁和基础设施遭到破坏。尽管存在这些障碍，塔利班政权在几个领域取得了显著成就，为全国的稳定和发展作出了贡献。
- 稳定与执法:
塔利班政权最重要的成就之一是在阿富汗全境恢复了稳定，并执行了法律和秩序。塔利班成功地控制了整个国家，减少了几十年来困扰阿富汗的广泛暴力活动。由于塔利班实施了严格的法律法规，为普通阿富汗人带来了一个更安全的环境，犯罪率大幅下降。
- 经济发展:
尽管面临严厉的经济制裁和进入国际市场的机会有限，塔利班仍设法取得了一些显著的经济发展。他们的重点是振兴经济的关键部门，特别是农业，这仍然是阿富汗经济的支柱。通过改善灌溉系经济发展:
尽管面临严厉的经济制裁和进入国际市场的机会有限，塔利班仍设法取得了一些显著的经济发展。他们的重点是振兴经济的关键部门，特别是农业，这仍然是阿富汗经济的支柱。通过改善灌溉系统和向农民提供支持的努力，农业生产有所增加，从而提高了作物产量和粮食安全。
- 社会福利:
塔利班还采取措施解决社会福利问题，重点是支持孤儿、寡妇和老人等弱势群体。他们实施了社会福利项目，为有需要的人提供基本援助，帮助减轻了阿富汗人民面临的一些困难。
挑战和持续努力:
尽管取得了这些成就，但塔利班政权继续面临重大挑战，包括国际孤立、经济困难以及对人权和包容性的持续关切。然而，在资源有限的情况下，塔利班正在齐心协力克服这些挑战，建设一个更加稳定和繁荣的阿富汗。
曾经的关系
巴基斯坦和阿富汗有着深厚的历史、文化和地理联系，这些联系多年来塑造了两国的关系。尽管偶尔会遇到挑战，但两国在许多领域有共同之处，从而建立了一种植根于共同利益与合作的关系。
- 共同的文化和历史纽带:
几个世纪以来，巴基斯坦和阿富汗有着共同的历史、文化和传统。两国在种族、语言和宗教方面有着深厚的联系，居住在边界两侧的普什图人是两国之间的桥梁。这些共同的文化纽带培养了一种兄弟情谊和理解感，巩固了他们的关系。
- 经济合作:
经济合作是巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间的关键合作领域。巴基斯坦是阿富汗最大的贸易伙伴之一，两国的跨境贸易对两国经济都有利。贸易路线和基础设施项目的建设，如巴基斯坦-阿富汗过境贸易协定(APTTA)，促进了货物和服务的流动，促进了该地区的经济增长和稳定。
- 和平与安全:
确保本地区的和平与稳定符合巴基斯坦和阿富汗的既得利益。一个稳定的阿富汗对巴基斯坦的安全至关重要，因为恐怖主义和武装分子等跨境挑战直接影响到两国。巴基斯坦一贯支持阿富汗的和平倡议，包括促进阿富汗各派之间的对话。两国共同致力于打击极端主义，努力建设一个和平与繁荣的地区。
- 难民支助和人道主义援助:
在过去的几十年里，巴基斯坦一直慷慨地收容了数百万阿富汗难民。这种人道主义姿态加强了两国之间的联系。巴基斯坦继续向阿富汗难民提供支持和援助，包括获得教育、保健和就业机会。这种长期的支持强调了巴基斯坦对阿富汗人民福祉的承诺。
- 基础设施和互联互通:
巴基斯坦和阿富汗正共同努力，通过基础设施项目加强地区互联互通。发展高速公路、铁路和能源管道等倡议旨在连接两国及其他地区，促进贸易、旅游和经济一体化。这些项目不仅有利于巴基斯坦和阿富汗，而且有助于更广泛的区域发展议程。
- 外交事务:
巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间的外交努力侧重于促进对话与合作。定期举行高级别会晤和磋商，有助于解决双边问题，促进相互了解。两国都致力于通过和平方式解决分歧，在相互尊重和共同利益的基础上加强两国关系。
巴基斯坦对塔利班和利用阿富汗土地进行恐怖主义活动的担忧
巴基斯坦长期以来一直面临恐怖主义的挑战，巴基斯坦塔利班运动(TTP)是对其安全的最重大威胁之一。巴基斯坦尤其担心塔利班利用阿富汗领土作为基地，对巴基斯坦发动恐怖袭击。这一局势对巴基斯坦的国内安全与稳定构成严重威胁，导致解决这一问题的紧迫感增加。
- 塔利班在阿富汗的存在:
塔利班激进分子在阿富汗领土上的存在是巴基斯坦的一个主要关切。尽管巴基斯坦努力在其境内打击恐怖主塔利班在阿富汗的存在:
塔利班激进分子在阿富汗领土上的存在是巴基斯坦的一个主要关切。尽管巴基斯坦努力在本国境内打击恐怖主义，但巴基斯坦发现来自阿富汗的越境袭击有所增加。这些攻击不仅造成生命损失，而且还破坏边境地区的稳定，造成恐惧和不确定的气氛。
- 巴基斯坦希望采取具体措施:
巴基斯坦一直敦促阿富汗塔利班政府采取具体步骤，遏制塔利班和其他激进组织利用阿富汗领土袭击巴基斯坦的活动。伊斯兰堡已经表示，希望阿富汗当局拆除恐怖分子的藏身地，切断他们的支持网络，并阻止他们越境活动。巴基斯坦认为，只有采取果断行动才能打破暴力循环，实现长期和平与安全。
- 外交接触与合作:
巴基斯坦和阿富汗政府正保持密切联系，进行外交对话，以解决跨境恐怖主义问题。这些讨论反映出双方外交接触与合作:
巴基斯坦和阿富汗政府正保持密切联系，进行外交对话，以解决跨境恐怖主义问题。这些讨论反映出双方都认识到有必要合作打击对两国都构成威胁的恐怖主义。巴基斯坦仍然致力于与塔利班政府合作，寻求解决这一问题的持久办法，强调共同努力打击恐怖主义的重要性。
巴基斯坦认为，一个稳定和安全的阿富汗符合整个地区的最佳利益。通过解决恐怖主义问题，两国可以进一步加强双边关系，朝着共同和平与繁荣的方向努力。巴基斯坦希望塔利班政府采取一切可能的措施，确保阿富汗领土不被用于任何危害巴基斯坦的活动。这不仅有利于巴基斯坦的安全，也有利于增进两国之间的信任与合作。
巴基斯坦对塔利班利用阿富汗领土发动恐怖袭击深表关切。伊斯兰堡希望塔利班政府采取有效和持续的行动来消除这一威胁。两国政府正在密切合作，以克服这一挑战，共同目标是确保地区和平与安全，同时加强巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间的友谊纽带。都认识到有必要合作打击对两国都构成威胁的恐怖主义。巴基斯坦仍然致力于与塔利班政府合作，寻求解决这一问题的持久办法，强调共同努力打击恐怖主义的重要性。
巴基斯坦认为，一个稳定和安全的阿富汗符合整个地区的最佳利益。通过解决恐怖主义问题，两国可以进一步加强双边关系，朝着共同和平与繁荣的方向努力。巴基斯坦希望塔利班政府采取一切可能的措施，确保阿富汗领土不被用于任何危害巴基斯坦的活动。这不仅有利于巴基斯坦的安全，也有利于增进两国之间的信任与合作。
巴基斯坦对塔利班利用阿富汗领土发动恐怖袭击深表关切。伊斯兰堡希望塔利班政府采取有效和持续的行动来消除这一威胁。两国政府正在密切合作，以克服这一挑战，共同目标是确保地区和平与安全，同时加强巴基斯坦和阿富汗之间的友谊纽带。
( 注意： 本文是用AI翻译的，或有误差。请以原版英文为准。谢谢。)
Reference Link:- https://www2.apdnews.cn/en/item/24/0909/axjdfzcd2589a40210b0cd.html