Indonesia and Pakistan, two prominent Muslim-majority nations, share a legacy of brotherhood, cooperation, and shared values. As the largest and second-largest Muslim countries by population respectively, their mutual engagements have not only fostered bilateral relations but also contributed significantly to the unity of the Muslim Ummah. The upcoming visit of the Indonesian President to Pakistan is an opportunity to further solidify this partnership and explore new avenues of collaboration.
Indonesia: A Strategic and Diverse Nation
Located in Southeast Asia, Indonesia is an archipelago of over 17,000 islands, strategically positioned along major global trade routes. With a population exceeding 277 million, it is the world’s fourth most populous country and the largest Muslim-majority nation. Indonesia’s rich cultural diversity, economic resilience, and Islamic identity make it a pivotal player in regional and global affairs.
Historical Ties Between Two Brotherly Nations
Pakistan and Indonesia have enjoyed a robust relationship since Indonesia’s independence in 1945. Pakistan was among the first countries to recognize Indonesia’s sovereignty, a gesture reciprocated with unwavering solidarity over the years. Both nations, bonded by their shared Islamic heritage, have stood together on various global platforms, particularly within the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Their mutual support during times of need, such as Pakistan’s backing of Indonesia’s independence struggle and Indonesia’s aid during Pakistan’s natural disasters, exemplifies this enduring brotherhood.
Convergence of Interests: A Multi-Faceted Partnership
Political and Diplomatic Cooperation
As influential members of the OIC, Pakistan, and Indonesia have played key roles in addressing challenges faced by the Muslim world. Both countries advocate for the rights of oppressed Muslim communities globally, including the plight of Palestinians and Rohingyas. Their collaboration at the United Nations and other international forums underscores a shared commitment to peace, justice, and development.
Trade and Economic Relations
Bilateral trade between Pakistan and Indonesia has grown significantly, reaching $4.1 billion in 2023. Key exports from Pakistan include textiles, surgical instruments, and rice, while Indonesia exports palm oil, coal, and rubber. The Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) signed in 2012 has been instrumental in enhancing trade volumes. The potential upgrade to a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) could further expand economic ties. Both nations also recognize the need to diversify trade portfolios by exploring sectors like technology, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy.
Investment and Business Opportunities
Indonesian investment in Pakistan has shown promise, particularly in energy and infrastructure. Projects such as joint ventures in coal-fired power plants and the establishment of Indonesian firms in Pakistan’s industrial zones highlight the growing confidence of Indonesian investors. Conversely, Pakistan’s businesses can tap into Indonesia’s vast consumer market and its strategic location in ASEAN.
Cultural and Educational Exchanges
Cultural affinity between Pakistan and Indonesia is profound, reflected in shared traditions, cuisines, and values. Academic collaborations, scholarships, and student exchanges have strengthened people-to-people ties. Universities in both countries have active MoUs promoting joint research and educational programs.
Sports and Tourism
Sports, particularly cricket and badminton, have created opportunities for greater interaction. Tourism remains an untapped potential, with Indonesia’s breathtaking landscapes and Pakistan’s historical Islamic sites offering unique experiences for travelers from both nations.
Role in the Muslim Ummah
Pakistan and Indonesia’s leadership within the OIC has been pivotal in addressing the challenges facing the Muslim world. From supporting humanitarian efforts to advocating for unity against Islamophobia, both nations have demonstrated their commitment to the collective welfare of the Ummah. The collaboration in forums like the D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation further underscores their shared vision for economic prosperity.
The Potential Impact of the Indonesian President’s Visit
The Indonesian President’s visit to Pakistan by the end of this moth is poised to be a landmark event in bilateral relations. Discussions are likely to focus on:
Strengthening Economic Ties: Finalizing the FTA and identifying new trade sectors.
- Boosting Investment: Encouraging joint ventures in renewable energy, infrastructure, and technology.
- Enhancing Cultural Exchanges: Expanding educational scholarships and cultural festivals.
- Strategic Collaboration: Deepening cooperation on global issues, including climate change and counterterrorism.
Recommendations for Enhanced Collaboration
- Economic Diversification: Expand trade beyond traditional goods to include services, technology, and sustainable energy.
- Infrastructure Development: Leverage Indonesia’s expertise in infrastructure to modernize Pakistan’s transport and energy sectors.
- Tourism Promotion: Launch joint initiatives to promote tourism between the two countries.
- Educational Partnerships: Increase the number of scholarships and establish joint academic institutions.
- Strengthened Diplomatic Engagement: Regular high-level visits and consultations to address mutual concerns and opportunities.
Summary
The relationship between Pakistan and Indonesia stands as a testament to the power of shared values and mutual respect. The upcoming visit of the Indonesian President offers an opportunity to deepen this bond and unlock new potential in bilateral relations. By embracing collaboration across diverse domains, Pakistan and Indonesia can not only advance their national interests but also set an example of unity and progress for the Muslim world. The close ties between two largest Muslim countries are for peace and developments in the region and globally.
Author: Prof. Engr. Zamir Ahmed Awan, Founding Chair GSRRA, Sinologist, Diplomat, Editor, Analyst, Advisor, Consultant, Researcher at Global South Economic and Trade Cooperation Research Center, and Non-Resident Fellow of CCG. (E-mail: awanzamir@yahoo.com).