India: Shock, anger and a crackdown: why a contentious electoral revision has sparked outrage
新闻台署名 来源：新华社、《黎明报》、《阿拉伯新闻》、阿纳多卢通讯社与《分钟镜报》。由 GSRRA 编辑部翻译并节选。
Marches in Delhi against changes to voter registration led to dragnet raids, internet blackouts – and questions about India’s electoral independence. Plus, the cinematographer capturing the beauty of the mundane
Months of simmering public anger have given rise to a season of discontent in India. In its latest iteration, the demand is for the removal of chief election commissioner Gyanesh Kumar and the scrapping of a controversial electoral rolls revision that has struck 130 million people off the register. Protests have erupted every day over the past week, prompting a violent crackdown on dissenters in the capital.
Over the weekend, Delhi was effectively under lockdown, transformed into a militarised landscape of barricades, road closures and paramilitary forces marching through the streets. Ahead of a protest led by the Cockroach Janta party on Saturday, authorities deployed a massive dragnet: 245 trains to Delhi were cancelled, 45 metro stations were shut, liquor shops were closed, internet services were cut off in the heart of the city, and activists were put under house arrest.
The founders of the Cockroach party were removed from an Air India flight shortly after it landed at Delhi airport on Saturday. Opposition leaders were held for more than eight hours in various police stations. Video footage showed students and activists being manhandled, beaten and dragged off the streets while some journalists were also swept up in the detentions. A Supreme Court lawyer assisting those detained was carried away by police, his shirt torn in the process. The crackdown extended to Mumbai, where Tushar Gandhi, the great-grandson of Mahatma Gandhi, was whisked away by the police to prevent him from participating in a local demonstration. On Monday, the Delhi police denotified Jantar Mantar as a designated protest site, instead recommending three alternative locations.
“I have been in public life and have watched politics for four decades now, and I have never witnessed this kind of preparation for a demonstration. It was extraordinary by any stretch of the imagination,” political activist Yogendra Yadav, who was also detained, said of Saturday’s crackdown. Despite what he described as “terror unleashed by the state”, he said, small groups staged flash protests in several areas of Delhi defying the heavy security presence.
The crackdown was preceded by similarly aggressive police action against the Congress party’s protests, led by Rahul Gandhi. Dramatic images of police personnel detaining Gandhi and his sister, Priyanka, amid scenes of chaos flashed across screens nationwide.
The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party has defended its position, with spokesperson Ravi Shankar Prasad accusing the opposition of weaponising protests after electoral defeats. “One, Indian democracy has thwarted attempts to incite anarchy. Two, the country will be governed by parliament, not by the streets,” he said at a news briefing.
While suppression of protests is not new, what stands out this time is the scale of the crackdown in the capital. Government clampdowns in Indian-administered Kashmir have been far more severe, particularly in 2019, when sweeping restrictions were imposed after the revocation of Article 370.
The ferocity of the state response reflects the high political stakes for Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government, which faces mounting resistance over the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) and questions about the credibility of the electoral process.
The latest protests began with a demand for Kumar’s resignation after an Indian Express investigation reported that the ECI’s two other commissioners, Sukhbir Singh Sandhu and Vivek Joshi, had raised concerns about changes to electoral rolls, registration procedures, and digital systems. While Kumar has not responded to the investigation, the ECI said in a statement that “differing views” were part of the “decision-making process”. But the anger runs deeper. The SIR exercise has faced criticism for putting citizens through a trial by fire and leaving the most marginalised in a Kafkaesque limbo. Critics and opposition leaders have gone further, charging that the exercise was designed to benefit the ruling regime.
Former election commissioner Ashok Lavasa told me that the SIR process is unprecedented and unfair, marking a departure from the Commission’s traditional emphasis on inclusion. “For more than seven decades the ECI took it upon itself, as a duty, to enrol everyone eligible to vote. And that was one of the basic differences between how Indian democracy works and how other democracies function, where you need to apply to get enrolled,” he said. Voters accustomed to a “friendly procedure” now face a hostile system, which he said “is not good for democracy” in the long run.
Yadav argued that the SIR controversy has exposed what he describes as a deeper process of democratic capture by the ruling party. “Elections are the only mechanism now left for the regime to stamp its legitimacy, and election capture is critical to their survival. And therefore, Gyanesh Kumar is critical,” he said. He pointed to a 2023 law giving election commissioners legal immunity for actions performed in their official capacity, which he said is broader than even the protection afforded to judges.
As to what comes next, he envisions potential for three strands to find common ground: the opposition parties, organised civil society groups, and ordinary citizens. For a government that has shown no sign of budging yet, he said, the calculus will get harder. “The longer they delay, the higher the stakes.”
On Monday, the Kerala assembly passed a resolution seeking Kumar’s removal, as opposition parties marched toward the Supreme Court demanding action against him. And the Cockroach movement and leftist student groups have vowed to continue protesting. “People have refused to be fearful any longer. They will come again and again,” said left-wing student leader Danish Ali. “We are living in a democratic country, and protest is a fundamental right that no one can snatch away from us.”
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Zamir Ahmed Awan is the founder and Chair of the Global Silk Route Research Alliance, a think tank in Islamabad. He studied engineering at Shanghai University in the 1980s, and years later he went back to China as Pakistan's science counsellor in Beijing, from 2010 until 2016, working on science and higher education cooperation between the two countries.…
