（下边有中文翻译请继续看到底。 谢谢。）
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has steadily evolved from a modest regional forum into one of the most significant multilateral platforms of the Global South. What began in 2001 as a security-focused grouping of China, Russia, and Central Asian states has now expanded its agenda to cover development, finance, connectivity, and global governance. With nine full members, several observers, dialogue partners, and applicants, the SCO today represents almost half of the world’s population and a vast proportion of its natural resources.
The 2025 Tianjin Summit was a landmark moment in this journey. Not only was it the largest SCO summit ever held, but it also carried profound implications for the organization’s institutional evolution, policy direction, and global relevance. The summit outcomes, particularly the launch of the Global Governance Initiative (GGI) and the decision to establish a multilateral SCO Development Bank, underscored the SCO’s growing capacity to translate vision into concrete action.
The SCO: A Unique Model of Cooperation
Unlike traditional military alliances or purely economic groupings, the SCO has always pursued a holistic model. Its foundation rests on the “Shanghai Spirit”—mutual trust, equality, respect for cultural diversity, and the pursuit of common development. This ethos sets it apart from exclusive Western-led blocs that often divide the world into competing camps.
The SCO’s agenda has gradually expanded from counterterrorism and border security to encompass trade, energy, health, climate cooperation, and digital connectivity. Its ability to bring together diverse actors—China, Russia, Central Asia, South Asia, and now increasingly West Asia—shows that multipolar collaboration is not only possible but increasingly necessary in today’s fractured world.
Key Outcomes of the 2025 Tianjin Summit
The Tianjin Summit marked a turning point for the SCO’s trajectory. Several outcomes deserve particular attention:
1. Global Governance Initiative (GGI)
Chinese President Xi Jinping’s proposal of the Global Governance Initiative (GGI) was the most visionary highlight. The GGI aims to create a cooperative framework for fair, inclusive, and rules-based governance at the international level. Unlike the status quo dominated by a handful of powers, the GGI embodies the principle that all nations, regardless of size or economic weight, should have a voice in shaping global rules.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres welcomed the initiative, noting its alignment with the UN Charter’s principles of equality, multilateralism, and sustainable development. By embedding the GGI within the SCO framework, China demonstrated both leadership and a commitment to building bridges rather than walls.
2. The SCO Development Bank
The decision to establish a Multilateral SCO Development Bank was another milestone. The bank is envisioned as a dedicated financial institution to support infrastructure, energy, climate resilience, and digital innovation projects across the SCO space.
This bank could become the Global South’s answer to financial asymmetries long dictated by Bretton Woods institutions. While the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and BRICS’ New Development Bank already play transformative roles, the SCO Bank would be rooted directly in the needs of Eurasia and South Asia—regions central to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It will provide concessional financing, encourage cross-border investments, and promote economic integration across the world’s largest landmass.
3. The Tianjin Declaration and 10-Year Development Strategy
The Tianjin Declaration, adopted unanimously, reaffirms the SCO’s commitment to peace, mutual respect, and regional stability. Alongside it, the Development Strategy 2025–2035 lays down an ambitious roadmap: expanding energy connectivity, promoting green technologies, advancing digital economies, and strengthening educational and cultural exchanges.
This long-term strategy shows that the SCO is not merely reactive but forward-looking. It seeks to consolidate its role as a stable pillar of global governance at a time when other institutions struggle with crisis management.
4. Strengthened Multilateralism
The summit also highlighted SCO’s embrace of inclusive multilateralism. UN support, coupled with growing interest from countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America, suggests that the SCO is evolving into a global forum rather than a purely regional one.
China’s Leadership Role
China’s role in the SCO is indispensable. As the world’s second-largest economy, China provides both vision and capacity to the organization. President Xi’s speech in Tianjin emphasized that the SCO is shouldering greater responsibilities for safeguarding peace and promoting development.
China’s leadership manifests in several ways:
- Policy Initiatives: From the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to the Global Development Initiative (GDI), Global Security Initiative (GSI), and now the Global Governance Initiative (GGI), China continuously injects new ideas to strengthen multilateral cooperation.
- Economic Contributions: China is expected to provide seed capital and technical expertise for the SCO Development Bank. Its massive domestic market and technological strength also act as engines for regional growth.
- Diplomatic Balance: China plays a mediating role among SCO members with differing perspectives, ensuring consensus without coercion.
- Global South Advocacy: By consistently highlighting the importance of equity and justice in international relations, China positions the SCO as a counterbalance to Western-dominated forums.
Pakistan’s Contributions and Opportunities
Pakistan has been an active and constructive member of the SCO since joining in 2017. Its strategic location, bridging South Asia, Central Asia, and West Asia, makes it a vital connectivity partner within the SCO framework.
Pakistan contributes in multiple dimensions:
- Counterterrorism: With decades of experience and sacrifices in combating extremism, Pakistan plays a central role in the SCO’s Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS).
- Connectivity: The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a flagship BRI project, can serve as a backbone for SCO economic integration by linking landlocked Central Asia to global markets.
- Energy Security: Pakistan’s potential as an energy transit hub, especially with pipelines and electricity projects, adds practical value to SCO’s energy cooperation agenda.
- Diplomatic Engagement: At Tianjin, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif strongly endorsed the SCO’s role as a unifying forum for the Global South, calling for deeper cooperation in trade, technology, and people-to-people ties.
For Pakistan, active engagement in the SCO offers opportunities to diversify partnerships, strengthen economic resilience, and enhance its global standing as a responsible actor in multilateral platforms.
The SCO as a Pillar of the Global South
The Tianjin Summit underscored the SCO’s growing importance as a pillar of the Global South. In an era marked by geopolitical fragmentation, the SCO provides a rare platform where countries of diverse political systems and cultures come together on the basis of equality and shared interests.
Its expansion beyond Eurasia reflects a natural trajectory: nations in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia are increasingly looking toward the SCO as a forum that represents their aspirations more authentically than Western-led institutions. With its principles of non-interference, sovereignty, and mutual development, the SCO resonates strongly with these regions.
As the Global South’s voice grows louder, the SCO is likely to emerge as a unified forum for development, dialogue, and diplomacy—helping shape a new, multipolar order that is more balanced and inclusive.
The Way Forward
Looking ahead, the SCO faces both opportunities and responsibilities:
- Operationalizing the SCO Development Bank: Ensuring the bank is functional, transparent, and responsive will be critical. Early successes—such as financing renewable energy or cross-border infrastructure—will build credibility.
- Deepening Digital and Green Cooperation: As climate change and technological shifts reshape the world, SCO must lead in promoting sustainable practices and digital inclusion.
- Enhancing People-to-People Ties: Cultural exchanges, scholarships, tourism initiatives, and youth forums can build mutual understanding across diverse societies.
- Expanding Partnerships: As more countries seek SCO membership or observer status, a careful but inclusive expansion strategy will strengthen the organization’s global weight.
- Balancing Security and Development: While security cooperation remains vital, the SCO must ensure that development and governance initiatives receive equal attention to create holistic progress.
SCO’s Rising Trajectory
The 2025 Tianjin Summit was more than a diplomatic gathering—it was a statement of intent. By launching the Global Governance Initiative and deciding to establish the SCO Development Bank, the organization has positioned itself as a genuine force for multipolar cooperation and equitable development.
China’s leadership, Pakistan’s constructive engagement, and the collective will of member states have transformed the SCO into a rising pillar of the Global South. At a time when global governance structures are under strain, the SCO offers a model of inclusivity, balance, and pragmatism.
The future of the SCO is bright. As it gains momentum day by day, it will increasingly serve as a unified platform for dialogue, development, and diplomacy—reshaping the contours of international order in favor of fairness, stability, and shared prosperity.
上海合作组织已从一个规模不大的区域性论坛稳步发展成为全球南方最重要的多边平台之一。2001年，中国、俄罗斯和中亚国家组成了一个以安全为重点的集团，如今，它的议程已扩大到涵盖发展、金融、互联互通和全球治理。今天，上海合作组织拥有9个正式成员国、若干观察员国、对话伙伴和申请国，人口几乎占世界的一半，自然资源占世界的很大一部分。
2025年天津峰会是这一进程中具有里程碑意义的时刻。这不仅是上合组织历史上规模最大的一次峰会，而且对上合组织的制度演变、政策走向和全球相关性具有深远影响。峰会成果，特别是发起全球治理倡议和决定成立上海合作组织多边开发银行，凸显了上海合作组织将愿景转化为实际行动的能力日益增强。
上海合作组织：独特的合作模式
与传统的军事联盟或纯粹的经济集团不同，上海合作组织一直追求整体模式。它的基础是“上海精神”，即相互信任、平等相待、尊重文化多样性、谋求共同发展。这种精神使它有别于西方领导的排他性集团，后者经常将世界划分为相互竞争的阵营。
上海合作组织的议程已逐步从反恐和边境安全扩展到包括贸易、能源、卫生、气候合作和数字互联互通。它将中国、俄罗斯、中亚、南亚以及现在越来越多的西亚等不同参与者聚集在一起的能力表明，在当今支离破碎的世界中，多极合作不仅是可能的，而且越来越必要。
二、2025年天津峰会主要成果
天津峰会是上海合作组织发展的转折点。有几项成果值得特别注意：
- 全球治理倡议（GGI）
全球治理倡议旨在建立一个公平、包容、基于规则的国际治理合作框架。与少数大国主导的现状不同，全球治理倡议体现了一项原则，即所有国家，无论大小或经济实力如何，都应该在制定全球规则方面拥有发言权。
联合国秘书长António古特雷斯对这一倡议表示欢迎，并指出该倡议符合《联合国宪章》的平等、多边主义和可持续发展原则。通过将全球倡议纳入上海合作组织框架，中国既展示了领导力，也展示了架起桥梁而不是筑起高墙的决心。
- 上海合作组织开发银行
建立上海合作组织多边开发银行的决定是另一个里程碑。该银行被设想为一个专门的金融机构，以支持上合组织范围内的基础设施、能源、气候适应和数字创新项目。
这家银行可能成为全球南方国家对布雷顿森林体系长期主导的金融不对称的回应。虽然亚洲基础设施投资银行和金砖国家新开发银行已经发挥了变革性的作用，但上合组织银行将直接植根于欧亚大陆和南亚地区的需求，这些地区是“一带一路”倡议的核心。它将提供优惠融资，鼓励跨境投资，促进世界上最大大陆的经济一体化。
- 《天津宣言》和十年发展战略
一致通过的《天津宣言》重申了上海合作组织致力于和平、相互尊重和地区稳定的承诺。与此同时，《2025-2035年发展战略》制定了雄心勃勃的路线图：扩大能源互联互通，推广绿色技术，发展数字经济，加强教育和文化交流。
这一长期战略表明，上海合作组织不仅是被动反应，而且具有前瞻性。在其他机构在危机管理方面苦苦挣扎之际，imf寻求巩固其作为全球治理稳定支柱的作用。
- 加强多边主义
峰会还强调了上海合作组织对包容性多边主义的信奉。联合国的支持，加上中东、非洲和拉丁美洲国家日益增长的兴趣，表明上海合作组织正在发展成为一个全球性论坛，而不是一个纯粹的地区性论坛。
中国的领导作用
中国在上海合作组织中的作用不可或缺。作为世界第二大经济体，中国为该组织提供了愿景和能力。
中国的领导力体现在以下几个方面：
政策倡议：从“一带一路”倡议到“全球发展倡议”、“全球安全倡议”、“全球治理倡议”，中国不断为加强多边合作注入新思路。
经济贡献：中方将为上海合作组织开发银行提供种子资金和专业技术。其庞大的国内市场和技术实力也将成为地区增长的引擎。
外交平衡：中国在具有不同观点的上海合作组织成员国之间发挥调解作用，在不强制的情况下确保共识。
全球南方倡议：通过一贯强调国际关系中公平正义的重要性，中国将上海合作组织定位为西方主导论坛的制衡力量。
巴基斯坦的贡献和机遇
自2017年加入上海合作组织以来，巴基斯坦一直是积极和建设性的成员。作为连接南亚、中亚、西亚的战略要地，哈萨克斯坦是上海合作组织框架内重要的互联互通伙伴。
巴基斯坦在多个方面作出贡献：
反恐：巴基斯坦在打击极端主义方面积累了数十年的经验和牺牲，在上海合作组织地区反恐怖机构中发挥着核心作用。
互联互通：中巴经济走廊是“一带一路”旗舰项目，可将中亚内陆地区与全球市场连接起来，成为上合组织经济一体化的支柱。
能源安全：巴基斯坦作为能源转运枢纽的潜力，特别是管道和电力项目，为上海合作组织能源合作议程增添了现实价值。
外交接触：在天津，谢赫巴兹·谢里夫总理强烈支持上海合作组织作为全球南方统一论坛的作用，呼吁在贸易、技术和民间联系方面深化合作。
对巴基斯坦来说，积极参与上合组织为实现伙伴关系多元化、增强经济韧性、提升其作为多边平台负责任参与者的全球地位提供了机遇。
上海合作组织是全球南方的支柱
天津峰会凸显了上海合作组织作为全球南方支柱的重要性。在地缘政治分裂的时代，上海合作组织为不同政治制度和文化的国家在平等和共同利益的基础上走到一起提供了难得的平台。
它在欧亚大陆之外的扩张反映了一个自然的轨迹：非洲、拉丁美洲和东南亚国家越来越把上海合作组织视为一个比西方主导的机构更真实地代表他们愿望的论坛。上海合作组织秉持互不干涉、主权和共同发展的原则，在这些地区产生了强烈共鸣。
随着全球南方的声音越来越大，上海合作组织可能会成为一个统一的发展、对话和外交论坛，帮助塑造一个更加平衡和包容的多极新秩序。
未来之路
展望未来，上海合作组织面临的机遇和责任并存：
上合组织开发银行的运作：确保该银行的功能、透明度和响应能力至关重要。早期的成功——比如为可再生能源或跨境基础设施融资——将建立信誉。
深化数字和绿色合作：在气候变化和技术变革重塑世界的背景下，上海合作组织必须在推动可持续实践和数字包容方面发挥带头作用。
加强人与人之间的联系：文化交流、奖学金、旅游倡议和青年论坛可以增进不同社会之间的相互了解。
扩大伙伴关系：随着越来越多的国家寻求成为上海合作组织成员国或观察员国，审慎而包容的扩张战略将增强该组织的全球影响力。
平衡安全与发展：在安全合作至关重要的基础上，上海合作组织必须兼顾发展倡议和治理倡议，实现整体进步。
上海合作组织的崛起轨迹
2025年天津峰会不仅仅是一次外交会议，更是一次意向声明。提出全球治理倡议，决定成立上海合作组织开发银行，标志着上海合作组织将成为推动多极合作、促进公平发展的真正力量。
中国的领导、巴基斯坦的建设性参与以及成员国的共同意愿，使上海合作组织成为全球南方崛起的支柱。在全球治理结构面临压力之际，上海合作组织提供了包容、平衡和务实的典范。
上海合作组织的前景是光明的。随着它的势头日益增强，它将日益成为对话、发展和外交的统一平台——重塑国际秩序的轮廓，促进公平、稳定和共同繁荣。
( 注意： 本文是用AI翻译的，或有误差。请以原版英文为准。谢谢。)
Reference Link:- https://globalsouth.co/2025/09/13/sco-summit-2025-in-tianjin-a-new-pillar-of-global-governance/