Democracy is a successful model of governance in the Western world, where the literacy rate is high and education level is comparatively high. Tolerance, freedom of expression, human rights, economic situation, and sense of respect to different opinion is much higher. People understand that by power of vote they can change any government, if they do not like them. Spirit of democracy is exercised in its original authentic essence. Voters are well aware of power of its vote and politicians are sensible to respect their voters. If there are any exceptional cases, the public reject the wrong candidates in the next elections. The institutions are strong enough to perform their duties under any circumstances. The good or bad political larders cannot harm too much.\u00a0 Courts are there to provide relief in case of any deviation from the constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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However, in developing world, where the majority of public is illiterate and political leaders are corrupt, greedy and cruel.\u00a0 Democracy in the developing nations is a much deviated format and deteriorated form. The spirit of democracy is missing and a kind of dictatorship covered with the cloth of democracy is being exercised. Freedom of expression is lacking severely, Human rights are violated openly, Judiciary has been failed to deliver justice, Institutions failed to perform their constitutional duties, and etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Let\u2019s examine the case of Asia, which highly populated region in the world and playing an important role in the geopolitics and global economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5728\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In terms of elections, voting, and electoral exercises, 2024 has been an extremely busy year worldwide. In South Asia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and the Maldives are heading to polls this year. In the race to elect their leaders, Bangladesh took the lead in the region to hold national parliamentary elections on January 7. According to emerging results, the incumbent political party, the Awami League (AL), has won by a landslide, claiming about 75% of the country\u2019s parliamentary seats. This continues to make the AL leader Sheikh Hasina Wajed Bangladesh\u2019s longest-serving prime minister\u2014having won five times, four of which have been consecutive victories and the longest-serving female head of a country in the world. But what is the issue with the current elections in Bangladesh? Why are people upset with the election outcome? Were the general elections not free, fair, and transparent?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Bangladesh is located east of India and home to more than 170 million people. The election\u2019s outcome has its background. Months of growing tension across Bangladesh saw political protests turn violent, leading to the arrest of thousands of political opposition members and leaving behind questions about what is happening to the democratic elections in Bangladesh. The main opposition party, the Bangladesh National Party (BNP), called Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of the AL to step down in favour of a caretaker government overseeing the election. The government rejected this request, and the opposition ultimately boycotted the elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Days before elections, Bangladesh\u2019s main opposition party started a 48-hour general strike, calling on people to boycott the polls because of its perceived unfairness under the supervision of the incumbent Prime Minister, who desperately sought to return to power for the fourth term on the trot. The main opposition, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, led by former premier Khaleda Zia, vowed to disrupt the election through a strike and boycott. According to the Associated Press, the election turnout was around 40%. Hence, it becomes evident that the polls were not \u201cfree or fair,\u201d and the outcome does not represent the majority population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Here, the question comes to mind: Is Bangladesh\u2019s latest election part of a larger trend of democratic regression in South Asia and Southeast Asia? Is there any realization that political instability in all these countries will directly affect peace, prosperity, and stability in the region and beyond?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u662f\u5357\u4e9a\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5012\u9000\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u7e41\u8363\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Since the late 2000s, Southeast Asia\u2019s democratization has stalled, and in some of the region\u2019s most economically and strategically important nations, democracy has gone into reverse order. Over the past ten years, Thailand has undergone a rapid and severe regression from democracy and is now ruled by a junta. Thai forces have filed dubious legal cases against Pita Limjaroenrat, the progressive leader of the Move Forward Party (MFP), who is mandated to become the country\u2019s next prime minister, to keep him from taking his parliamentary seat. This is a time-worn tactic in Bangkok that Thailand\u2019s compliant judiciary will likely sustain. In the meantime, they have already successfully side-lined the MFP from being part of any government formed, even though it won the most seats in the lower house elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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In Cambodia, Hun Sen announced that he was handing power to his son Hun Manet- the decision lacked popular support. Myanmar\u2019s junta, which crushed the country\u2019s weak and troubled democracy with a February 2021 coup, now faces a serious threat to its existence from emboldened resistance forces that control large portions of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Even three stronger and bigger democracies in the Southeast region, namely the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia, are also backsliding. In the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022, badly undermined democracy, and his successor, President Ferdinand Marcos, has surprised observers\u2014especially given his pedigree\u2014by moderating some of Duterte\u2019s worst excesses in economic and foreign policy. It remains to be seen if he will follow through to repair all the damage to the country\u2019s human rights landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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In Indonesia, in addition to faltering on promised reforms and allowing regressive criminal laws to be passed, Jokowi, the president of Indonesia, has expanded the powers and influence of the armed forces, which have a history of massive human rights abuses. With greater control of governmental functions, the Indonesian military could further dilute democracy. In Malaysia, while Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim fought for decades as an opposition leader for democratic reforms, he finally won the top job thanks to a coalition government that includes the United Malays National Organization (UMNO). This long-time autocratic party ruled the country for decades. To keep the UMNO placated, Anwar has been quiet about many human rights issues, sometimes even appearing to have lost control of his government to the UMNO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Let\u2019s reflect on South Asia. The issue of democratic decline in Bangladesh has raised its head yet again. India, another important South Asian country, is also going through an election phase but with a drift toward regressive democracy. The modality of India\u2019s democratic decline reveals how democracies die today: not through a dramatic coup or midnight arrests of opposition leaders. Instead, it moves through the fully legal harassment of the opposition, intimidation of the media, and centralization of executive power. By equating government criticism with disloyalty to the nation, Prime Minister Narendra Modi\u2019s government is diminishing the idea that opposition is a legitimate political force. India today is no longer the world\u2019s largest democracy that stands for the rights of its citizens, becoming a voice for its minorities and all other groups belonging to different ideological and religious backgrounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Worth mentioning, two typical products of Western style democracy: Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, and Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India. Both are democratically elected prime ministers, both are fanatics and extremist, and engaged in genocide of Muslims , one in Palestine and other in Kashmir. Both are defaulter of UN and denying to implement the resolutions of UNSC regarding Palestine and Kashmir. Both are racist and violators of human rights. Unfortunately, both are supported by the US and its allies – Western World. Both are getting financial, economic, defence, political and diplomatic support from the US led Western block. And both are black spot on the American foreign policy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Pakistan is no exception to other Asian democracies. It has been ruled by Military almost one third of its life and even two third time, the democratic government were also lacking the real spit of democracy. As a result, it is still facing huge economic challenges and other issues. Pakistan is a nation of 230 million, rich in natural resources, and blessed with diversity, yet, could not achieve a remarkable development. It is all the potential to prosper and join the club of developed nations, but, due to poor governance, could not attain any status among the civilized nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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The economic prosperity of West is because of their democratic values and good governance. We all are inspired from the economic performance of West, but, are hesitant to follow the democratic values in later and spirit. It\u2019s time that the Asian countries learn from their past mistakes and move towards a truly democratic path that requires free, fair, and transparent elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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