中国由56个民族组成。根据国家统计局发布的第七次全国人口普查数据，到2020年，汉族占中国总人口的91.11%，其余55个群体占剩余的8.89%。与2010年相比，少数民族的比例增加了0.40个百分点。各民族人口的稳步增长，充分体现了中国共产党领导下各民族的全面发展和进步。

虽然55个少数民族只占中国总人口的一小部分，但他们广泛分布在中国的不同地区。无论是内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、广西、西藏、云南、贵州、青海、四川、甘肃、湖北、湖南，还是任何其他省份，都可以找到中国的少数民族。在上述地区中，少数民族最多的是云南省。在中国所有少数民族中，壮族人口最多，有1900多万人。

中国宪法规定:“中华人民共和国各民族一律平等。国家保护各少数民族的合法权益，维护和促进各民族平等、团结、互助、和睦的关系。禁止歧视和压迫任何民族。”中国各民族公民享有宪法和法律赋予公民的一切平等权利。

中华人民共和国成立后，中国政府根据当地少数民族的意愿，先后采取各种措施在少数民族地区进行民主改革，并于20世纪50年代末完成了改革。这一改革废除了封建领主、贵族、部落首领等少数特权阶层的一切特权，废除了人剥削人压迫人的旧制度，使一大批少数民族人民获得了解放和人身自由，成为自己家园和命运的主人。1959年西藏进行的民主改革，铲除了封建农奴制，使大约100万农奴和奴隶获得了自由，成为新社会的主人。

中国各少数民族的风俗习惯差别很大。他们有不同的生产和生活方式，如他们的衣着、饮食、居住、婚姻、礼仪和葬礼等形式。各少数民族都有权保留或改变他们的风俗习惯，并受到国家的尊重。政府在日常生活的各个方面保护这些权利。

国家保护和照顾所有少数民族群体，他们完全和谐相处，相互理解，完全团结。少数民族在国家发展和社会进步中发挥着重要作用。所有少数民族都在为国家的福利和发展做出贡献。这是中国政治制度的独特优势。

翻译整理：那娜

责任编辑：陈龙狮

附件：本报时事评论员巴铁泽米尔简介

Zamir Awan，泽米尔阿万，笔名：巴铁泽米尔。

现任巴基斯坦国立科技大学中国研究中心副主任。巴基斯坦驻中国大使馆原科技参赞。

泽米尔生于1962年3月1日，80年代在中国留过学。在上海大学获得学士与硕士学位，机械专业。

从2010年，在巴基斯坦驻华大使馆，担任参赞，负责中巴两国之间科技交流与发展科技合作。中巴两国政治关系非常密切，通称“铁哥们儿全天候战略合作伙伴”的关系。科技算战略地位，所以两国也重视科技交流与合作。

泽米尔阿万，利用他在中国学习时学过的知识（包括农业、林业、生物学、健康业、工业、水电、能源、高等教育等等）加强了合作关系。签订了不少合同与协议，推动了不少项目。

他为巴中两国人民之间的友谊做了不少的工作，特别一带一路与巴中经济走廊方面。在他的任期中，在两国关系发展壮大。

从2020年起成为《澳门法治报》时事评论员。

Ethnic minorities are well protected and looked after by the Chinese government

China is composed of 56 ethnic groups. Of these groups, Han Chinese account for 91.11 percent of the overall Chinese population and the other 55 groups make up the remaining 8.89 percent in 2020, according to data from the seventh national population census released by the National Bureau of Statistics. Compared with 2010, the share of the ethnic minorities increased by 0.40 percentage points. The steady increase of the population of the ethnic groups fully reflected the comprehensive development and progress of all ethnic groups under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

Although making up only a small proportion of the overall Chinese population, the 55 ethnic minority groups are distributed extensively throughout different regions of China. No matter whether it is Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia, Guangxi, Xizang, Yunnan, Guizhou, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, or any other province, one can find Chinese ethnic minorities. Of the areas listed above, the largest number of ethnic minorities can be found in Yunnan Province. Of all minority groups in China, the Zhuang nationality has the largest population, with more than 19 million members.

The Constitution of China stipulates: ”All ethnic groups of the People’s Republic of China are equal. The state shall protect the lawful rights and interests of all ethnic minorities and uphold and promote relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all ethnic groups. Discrimination against and oppression of any ethnic group is prohibited.” Citizens of all ethnic groups in China enjoy all equal rights accorded to citizens by the Constitution and law.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese government adopted different measures to institute democratic reform successively in minority areas at the will of local minorities and completed the reform in the late 1950s. This reform abolished all the privileges of the privileged few, such as feudal lords, nobles, and tribal chiefs, and the old system of exploitation and oppression of man by man. As a result, a great number of people of ethnic minority groups won emancipation and personal freedom and became masters of their homelands and their own destinies. The democratic reforms which took place in Xizang in 1959 eradicated the feudal serf system, leading to around 1 million serfs and slaves gaining their freedom and becoming masters of the new society.

The various ethnic minority groups in China differ widely in their folkways and customs. They have different modes of production and lifestyles, as demonstrated by their forms of dress, diet, residences, marriage, etiquette, and funerals. All minority groups have the right to retain or change their folkways and customs, which are respected by the state. The government protects such rights in every aspect of daily life.

The state protects and takes good care of all minorities and etheric groups and they are living in complete harmony and understanding with each other in perfect unity. Ethnic minorities are playing a vital role in the nation’s development and contributing to social progress. All minorities are contributing toward the welfare and development of the country. This is a unique strength of the Chinese political system.  

责任编辑：cls

关键字：時政、要聞、國際

Reference Link:- https://www.amfzbao.com/mpost.html?id=62e3ed3129f2dc3282443c10

Reference Link:- http://en.people.cn/n3/2022/0728/c90000-10128718.html