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美国迫切希望维持其霸权。它正在采取极端措施，可以不惜一切代价保持其霸权。其石油美元政策一直发挥着重要作用，但最近面临挑战，美国变得紧张和疯狂。

石油美元是支付给石油出口国以换取石油的美元。美元是卓越的全球货币。因此，包括石油在内的大多数国际交易都以美元计价。石油出口国从出口中获得美元，而不是他们自己的货币。

此外，大多数石油输出国都拥有自己的石油工业。这使得他们的国民收入取决于美元的价值。如果它下降，他们的政府收入也会下降。结果，这些石油出口国中的大多数也将其货币与美元挂钩。这样一来，如果美元贬值，他们所有国内商品和服务的价格也会下降。这有助于这些国家避免通货膨胀或通货紧缩的大幅波动。

石油美元体系与金本位制的历史息息相关。二战后，美国掌握了世界上大部分的黄金供应。如果其他国家将其货币与美元挂钩，它同意将任何美元兑换成黄金。其他国家在 1944 年布雷顿森林会议上签署了这项协议。它确立了美元作为世界储备货币的地位。

1945 年 2 月 14 日，富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统发起了与沙特阿拉伯的联盟。他会见了沙特国王阿卜杜勒·阿齐兹。美国在达兰修建了一个机场，作为军事和商业培训的回报。这个联盟是如此关键，以至于它在随后几年的阿以冲突中幸存了下来。

1945 年美国和沙特阿拉伯之间的协议巩固了美元和石油之间的关系。石油美元诞生了。 1971 年，美国滞胀导致美元挤兑。许多国家要求用美元兑换黄金。为了保护美国剩余的黄金储备，理查德尼克松总统将美元从金本位制中移除。结果，美元的价值暴跌。这有助于美国经济，因为其出口价值也下降，使其更具竞争力。美元贬值伤害了石油出口国，因为合同是以美元计价的。他们的石油收入随着美元下跌。以其他货币计价的进口成本增加。

1973 年，尼克松要求国会在赎罪日战争中向以色列提供军事援助。新成立的石油输出国组织停止向美国和其他以色列盟国出口石油。欧佩克石油禁运令石油价格在六个月内翻了两番。即使在禁运结束后价格仍然很高。 1979年，美国和沙特阿拉伯谈判成立了美国-沙特阿拉伯经济合作联合委员会。他们同意将美元用于石油合同。美元将通过与美国公司的合同循环回美国。这些公司通过技术转让改善沙特的基础设施。

美国利用石油美元的力量来执行其外交政策。但许多国家并没有反击。他们担心这将意味着石油美元体系的崩溃。

然而，人们强烈反对石油美元的概念，很少有阿拉伯领导人宣布进行石油贸易；以当地货币或任何其他货币，与美元脱钩。萨登·侯赛因总统、利比亚的卡扎菲上校和叙利亚总统发挥了主导作用。美国惩罚了他们并改变了这些国家的政权。

中国呼吁取代美元成为全球货币。虽然，它是美元最大的外国持有者之一。中国通过将人民币与美元挂钩来影响美元。中国已与二十多个国家签署了货币互换协议，并已与这些国家进行人民币或本币交易。中国正在以人民币从几个阿拉伯国家进口石油和天然气。

俄罗斯要求以卢布结算天然气账单，一些欧洲国家已经同意以卢布支付。如果任何成员国以卢布而不是美元支付，欧盟也不反对。俄罗斯以卢布或当地货币而不是美元与其他几个国家进行贸易。

俄罗斯通过将俄罗斯卢布与黄金的价值挂钩并宣布仅对俄罗斯卢布供应石油，从而将美元和欧元的价值瞬间削减了 30%。俄罗斯此举意味着，现在整个世界，尤其是西欧和日本都将通过大量抛售美元来购买俄罗斯卢布，因为俄罗斯卢布在与黄金挂钩后，一夜之间成为世界上最稳定的货币。

美国除了武器和弹药外不大规模生产任何东西，它陷入了可怕的经济危机。如果美元贬值，美国将无法弥补其3060亿的预算赤字。这将导致严重的失业，并对社会安全网产生不利影响。当乔·拜登谈论在波兰推翻普京时，他意识到这是一颗经济原子弹。

普京命令欧洲国家以瓦砾形式支付天然气和石油，并在俄罗斯银行开立账户。这将削弱美国对俄罗斯的制裁。尽管俄罗斯并没有如此激进地对美国的制裁进行报复，但它还是成功地推出了应对制裁的政策。

美国的迅速衰落，令其领导层紧张而疯狂。他们正在采取一切可能的措施来维持他们的霸权。甚至，乌克兰战争虽然只是一种现象，但目的是为了维持共同地位。不幸的是，美国对全球和平、稳定或拯救人类生命不感兴趣。唯一的当务之急是保持其霸权和至高无上的地位。为了实现这一目标，美国可以牺牲乌克兰、欧洲，或者任何沉重的代价。美国在乌克兰战争中的政策是火上浇油，没有停止战争、停火或挽救生命的意愿。他们提供武器，武装平民，导致一场旷日持久的内战，让俄罗斯流血，让许多国家过度参与，让美国保持垄断和优势。

俄罗斯不愿攻击乌克兰，长期以来一直保持克制。显示其真正的安全关切，并以严重的后果使美国感到震惊，但美国仍坚持其包围俄罗斯的政策。

芬兰随意加入北约以及与英国达成的防务协议同样对俄罗斯构成了真正的威胁。俄罗斯和芬兰有着漫长的共同边界。加入北约，意味着在俄罗斯边境部署北约部队，这是一个直接威胁。加入北约其他北欧国家也是一个严重问题和俄罗斯深切关注的问题。

美国似乎只有一个优先事项，那就是维持其在地缘政治中的地位，它忽略了其他国家的真正关切。我们害怕地缘政治的未来，担心未来的日子对人类来说可能很艰难。

历史上，很多国家崛起为超级大国，统治世界一段时间，然后崩溃，将超级大国的地位传给其他崛起的国家。像罗马帝国、奥斯曼帝国、希腊帝国、英法帝国等。但美国不愿意接受超级大国的自然循环，可以在任何程度上永远保持其超级大国地位，这既不合理也不自然，可能给人类造成无法挽回的损失。太不幸了！

翻译整理：那娜

责任编辑：陈龙狮

附件：本报时事评论员巴铁泽米尔简介

Zamir Awan，泽米尔阿万，笔名：巴铁泽米尔。

现任巴基斯坦国立科技大学中国研究中心副主任。巴基斯坦驻中国大使馆原科技参赞。

泽米尔生于1962年3月1日，80年代在中国留过学。在上海大学获得学士与硕士学位，机械专业。

从2010年，在巴基斯坦驻华大使馆，担任参赞，负责中巴两国之间科技交流与发展科技合作。中巴两国政治关系非常密切，通称“铁哥们儿全天候战略合作伙伴”的关系。科技算战略地位，所以两国也重视科技交流与合作。

泽米尔阿万，利用他在中国学习时学过的知识（包括农业、林业、生物学、健康业、工业、水电、能源、高等教育等等）加强了合作关系。签订了不少合同与协议，推动了不少项目。

他为巴中两国人民之间的友谊做了不少的工作，特别一带一路与巴中经济走廊方面。在他的任期中，在两国关系发展壮大。

从2020年起成为《澳门法治报》时事评论员。

The US wants to keep its status as a superpower at any cost

The US is desperate to sustain its hegemony and supremacy. It is taking extreme measures and can go to any extent to keep its hegemony and supremacy. Its Petrodollars policy has been playing a significant role, but, facing challenges recently and the US is getting nervous and crazy.

The petrodollar is any U.S. dollar paid to oil-exporting countries in exchange for oil. The dollar is the preeminent global currency. As a result, most international transactions, including oil, are priced in dollars. Oil-exporting nations receive dollars for their exports, not their own currency.

In addition, most oil-exporting nations own their oil industries. That makes their national income depends on the dollar’s value. If it falls, so does their government’s revenue. As a result, most of these oil exporters also peg their currencies to the dollar. That way, if the dollar’s value falls, so does the price of all their domestic goods and services. That helps these countries avoid wide swings in inflation or deflation.

The petrodollar system is tied to the history of the gold standard. After World War II, the United States held most of the world’s supply of gold. It agreed to redeem any U.S. dollar for its value in gold if the other countries pegged their currencies to the dollar. Other countries signed this deal at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference. It established the U.S. dollar as the world’s reserve currency.

On February 14, 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt initiated the alliance with Saudi Arabia.1 He met with Saudi King Abd al-Aziz. The United States built an airfield at Dhahran in return for military and business training. This alliance was so critical that it survived subsequent years of differences of opinion over the Arab-Israeli conflict.

The 1945 agreement between the United States and Saudi Arabia cemented the relationship between the dollar and oil. The petrodollar was born. In 1971, U.S. stagflation prompted runs on the dollar. Many countries asked to redeem their U.S. dollars for gold. To protect the remaining U.S. gold reserves, President Richard Nixon removed the dollar from the gold standard. As a result, the value of the dollar plummeted. That helped the U.S. economy as its export values also decreased, making them more competitive. A falling dollar hurt oil-exporting countries because contracts were priced in U.S. dollars. Their oil revenue dropped along with the dollar. The cost of imports, denominated in other currencies, increased.

In 1973, Nixon asked Congress for military aid to Israel in the Yom Kippur War. The newly-formed Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries halted oil exports to the United States and other Israeli allies. The OPEC oil embargo quadrupled the price of oil in six months. Prices remained high even after the embargo ended. In 1979, the United States and Saudi Arabia negotiated the United States-Saudi Arabian Joint Commission on Economic Cooperation. They agreed to use U.S. dollars for oil contracts. The U.S. dollars would be recycled back to America through contracts with U.S. companies. These companies improve Saudi infrastructure through technology transfer.

The United States uses the power of petrodollars to enforce its foreign policy. But many countries don’t fight back. They are afraid it would mean the collapse of the petrodollar system.

However, there was strong thinking against the Petrodollar concept and few Arab leaders declared to trade oil; in local currencies or any other currency, de-linking from dollars. The leading role was played by President Sadden Hussain, Col. Qaddafi of Libya, and the Syrian President. The US has punished them and changed the regimes in such countries.

China called for a replacement of the U.S. dollar as a global currency. Although, it is one of the largest foreign holders of the dollar. China influences the U.S. dollar by pegging its currency, the yuan, to it. China has signed a currency swap agreement with more than twenty countries and already trading with them in Yuan or local currencies. China is importing oil and gas from a few Arab nations in Yuan.

Russia has demanded to settle Gas bills in Rubles and a few European countries are already agreed to pay in Rubles. EU has also no objections if any member state pays in Rubles instead of Dollars. Russia is trading with few other nations in Rubles or local currencies instead of Dollars.

Russia has slashed the value of the dollar and the euro by 30% in a jiffy by linking the Russian Ruble to the value of gold and declaring to supply oil only against the Russian Ruble. Russia’s move means that now the entire world, especially Western Europe and Japan will buy the Russian Ruble by selling dollars in huge quantities, as the Russian Ruble has become the world’s most stable currency overnight after being linked to gold.

America, which does not mass-produce anything other than weapons and ammunition, is caught in a terrible economic crisis. In the event of a shrinking dollar, the US cannot cover its 306 billion budget deficit. This will cause severe unemployment and adversely affect the social safety net. This is the economic atom bomb that Joe Biden was aware of when he was talking about the removal of Putin in Poland.

Putin orders European countries to make payments of Gas and Oil in terms of Rubble and open account in Russian banks. It will weaken the American sanctions on Russia. Although Russia has not retaliated against the American sanctions so aggressively, introduced its policies to counter the sanctions successfully.

The rapid decline of the US has made its leadership nervous and crazy. They are taking all possible measures to sustain their hegemony and supremacy. Even, though the Ukraine war is only a phenomenon, the objective is to maintain status-co. unfortunately, the US is not interested in global peace, stability, or saving human lives. The only priority is to maintain its hegemony and supremacy. To achieve this goal, the US can sacrifice Ukraine, Europe, or any heavy price. The US policy in the Ukraine war is to add fuel to fire, there is no will to stop the war, ceasefire, or save human lives. They are providing weapons, and arming civilians to lead toward a prolonged civil war, to bleed Russian and keep many countries over-engaged and let the US maintain its monopoly and the upper hand.

Russia was reluctant to attack Ukraine and has been observing restrains for quite a long. Showing its genuine security concerns and alarming the US with serious consequences, but, the US kept its policy to encircle Russia.

The haphazard joining of NATO by Finland and the defense agreement with the UK is also equally a genuine threat to Russia. Russia and Finland share a long common border. Joining NATO, means, the deployment of NATO forces along the Russian border, which is a direct threat. Joining NATO by other Scandinavian nations is also a serious and matter of deep concern for Russia.

It seems the US has only one priority which is to sustain its position in the geopolitics, it ignores the genuine concerns of other nations. We are scared of the future of geopolitics and afraid the days to come may be harsh for humankind.

In history, many nations rose to the status of superpowers and ruled the world for a certain period of time, then, meltdown and passed the status of superpower to other rising nations. Like Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, Greek Empire, British, and French empires, etc. But, The US is not willing to accept the natural cycle of superpowers and can go to any extent to keep its status of superpower forever, which is not rational nor natural, it might cause irrecoverable loss to humankind. Unfortunate!责任编辑：cls关键字：時政、要聞、國際

Reference Link:- https://www.amfzbao.com/mpost.html?id=628341090d9d4730cedba189

Reference Link:- https://thesaker.is/the-us-wants-to-keep-its-status-as-a-superpower-at-any-cost/